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imply vs. infer

These two describe opposite ends of a single transaction, which is why swapping them is more than a spelling slip — it reverses who did what. A speaker implies by suggesting something without stating it. A listener infers by working it out. Mix them up in an account of a conversation and you have changed who said what, which in a minute or a witness statement is not a small thing.

imply

A verb. To suggest something without saying it directly. Done by the person producing the message.

  • His email implied the deadline had moved.
  • I did not mean to imply you were at fault.
  • The wording implies a deeper disagreement.
  • The contract implies a duty of care even where none is stated. (Legal implication — a term read in rather than written down.)

infer

A verb. To work something out from evidence or hints. Done by the person receiving the message.

  • From her tone, I inferred the answer was no.
  • Readers may infer more than you intend.
  • We inferred from the silence that the deal had collapsed.
  • You inferred criticism where none was implied. (Both words, showing the two roles at once.)

Quick way to remember

Ask who is doing it. The person sending the message implies — both start with sounds you make outward. The person receiving it infers — think "in," taking the meaning in. A speaker cannot infer their own hint, and a listener cannot imply what they were told.