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fewer vs. less

Supermarket express lanes have been quietly teaching this wrong for fifty years. "Ten items or less" is on thousands of signs, and it is the single most cited example of an error in English. The complication is that the people doing the citing are on shakier ground than they think.

fewer

Used with plural count nouns — things you could number individually.

  • Fewer applicants met the criteria this year.
  • We had fewer objections than expected.
  • There are fewer than twenty seats left.
  • Fewer people, not less people — the one the supermarket sign gets wrong.

less

Used with mass nouns — quantities measured rather than counted. Also with time, money and distance, even though those are countable.

  • We have less time than the schedule suggests.
  • This version uses less paper.
  • It cost less than five hundred dollars.
  • The drive is less than ten miles. (Countable miles, but distance takes "less" — one of the genuine exceptions.)

Quick way to remember

Ask whether you would count the thing or measure it. Count it, use "fewer." Measure it, use "less." Then remember the three exceptions — time, money, distance — which take "less" regardless: less than an hour, less than fifty dollars, less than a mile.